Yuav Ua Li Cas Txhim Kho Nto Roughness hauv Nto Sib Tsoo los ntawm Kev Kho Parameter
Hauv kev tsim khoom siv niaj hnub no, kev sib tsoo saum npoo yog qhov siab - cov txheej txheem machining cov txheej txheem dav siv rau kev ua tiav ntawm ntau yam khoom, xws li cov cuab yeej siv tshuab, cov kab noj hniav pwm, thiab cov khoom sib khi. Nto roughness, qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb ntawm ib feem ntawm qhov chaw microscopic nto topography, ncaj qha cuam tshuam cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo-xws li hnav tsis kam, qaug zog, corrosion resistance, sealing kev ncaj ncees, thiab zoo nkauj zoo nkauj. Kev ua tiav qhov roughness ntawm qis qis tsis yog tsuas yog txuas ntxiv kev pab cuam lub neej thiab txhim kho kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, ua tiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov chaw roughness yog qhov nyuaj vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tshawb txog yuav ua li cas thiaj li txo tau qhov roughness thiab txhim kho cov khoom zoo thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo nto los ntawm optimizing machining tsis.
Cov yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau qhov roughness ntawm qhov chaw sib tsoo
(I) Sib tsoo log yam ntxwv
Abrasive hom: Ntau hom abrasives muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm hardness, toughness, thiab tus kheej -sharpening peev xwm. Cov piv txwv xws li xim av fused alumina (A), dawb fused alumina (WA), chromium-doped fused alumina (PA), thiab ntsuab silicon carbide (GC). Brown fused alumina yog tsim rau kev sib tsoo steels thiab muaj qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo thiab tus nqi; dawb fused alumina muaj ntau dua purity thiab zoo tagnrho rau kev sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj xws li hardened steel, yielding superior nto zoo; chromium-doped fused alumina sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev hnav tsis kam thiab feem ntau siv rau cov khoom xws li siab- steel ceev; ntsuab silicon carbide abrasives yog ntse thiab resistant rau loading (clogging), zoo txo deg roughness, tab sis lawv tuaj ntawm tus nqi siab dua.
Cov qoob loo loj: Cov qoob loo loj txiav txim siab qhov ntse ntawm qhov sib tsoo lub log thiab qhov chaw tshem tawm nti. Feem ntau, qhov loj me me txhais tau hais tias me me abrasive hais rau ntawm lub log, uas ua rau qis qis roughness ntawm cov khoom hauv av. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov loj ntawm cov nplej ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau lub log yooj yim rau kev thauj khoom, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub ntsej muag roughness. Piv txwv li, ntxhib-grained log (piv txwv li, F46) yog haum rau kev sib tsoo ntxhib kom tshem tawm cov khoom loj, qhov kev sib tsoo tiav yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo -cov log tsheb (piv txwv li, F12 - F20).
Hom Bond: Hom kev cog lus muaj xws li vitrified (ceramic) bonds (V), resinoid bonds (B), thiab roj hmab bonds (R). Vitrified daim ntawv cog lus sib tsoo lub log muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab siab kub ua haujlwm, ua rau lawv haum rau ntau hom kev sib tsoo. Resinoid daim ntawv cog lus log muaj qib ntawm elasticity uas cushions sib tsoo quab yuam thiab txo kev co, pab kom ua tiav qhov roughness qis; lawv yog tshwj xeeb yog dav siv nyob rau hauv precision sib tsoo. Roj hmab daim ntawv cog lus lub log muaj qhov porosity siab thiab zoo heev nti clearance, ua rau lawv haum rau kev khiav hauj lwm xws li txiav - tawm thiab slotting.
Kev xaiv hardness: Sib tsoo log hardness yog hais txog lub log tsis kam mus rau qhov tawg ntawm cov nplej zom. Yog hais tias lub hardness siab dhau lawm, cov nplej tsis yooj yim dislodge, ua rau lub log kom dull sai thiab nce nto roughness. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub hardness yog tsawg dhau lawm, cov nplej dislodge ntxov ntxov, ua rau lub log ceev ceev thiab cuam tshuam lub workpiece nto precision. Thaum xaiv hardness, ib tug yuav tsum xav txog ob qho tib si hardness ntawm cov khoom siv hauv av thiab txoj kev sib tsoo. Piv txwv li, lub log softer yuav tsum tau siv thaum sib tsoo cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj los pab kom lub sijhawm rov ua dua tshiab ntawm cov nplej zom, thaum lub log nyuaj yuav tsim nyog rau kev sib tsoo cov khoom muag.
(II) Sib tsoo tsis muaj
Kev sib tsoo ceev: Sib tsoo ceev yog hais txog cov kab nrawm ntawm lub log sib tsoo. Tsis pub dhau ib qho kev sib tsoo, kev sib tsoo ceev nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov nplej abrasive koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem sib tsoo ib chav tsev ntawm lub sijhawm thiab txo cov thickness ntawm ib tus neeg cov nplej, yog li txo qhov roughness. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias qhov ceev tshaj qhov tseem ceeb, lub zog centrifugal tuaj yeem ua rau cov nplej zom ntawm lub log ntawm lub voj voog kom ya tawm thiab ua rau muaj kev vibration, uas ua rau kom muaj qhov roughness. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev sib tsoo siab heev ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si workpiece nto zoo thiab kev pab cuam lub neej ntawm lub log sib tsoo. X
Pub tus nqi: Pub tus nqi encompasses ob longitudinal thiab transverse pub tus nqi. Ib qho kev ncua ntev pub ntau dhau ua rau kev txiav cov khoom ntawm tus kheej abrasive nplej, sib sib zog nqus sib tsoo cov cim thiab ua rau qhov chaw roughness. Ib qho kev hloov pauv ntau dhau yuav ua rau muaj kev sib txhuam ntawm lub log sib tsoo thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm, ua rau hlawv cov cim thiab khawb. Yog li ntawd, thaum tswj kev ua haujlwm ntau lawm, tus nqi pub yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg los txhim kho qhov zoo.
Sib tsoo qhov tob: Sib tsoo qhov tob yog hais txog cov tuab ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm thaum txhua qhov sib tsoo. Kev sib tsoo ntau dhau ua rau kev sib tsoo quab yuam thiab kub, uas tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau lub log loading thiab workpiece deformation, yog li cuam tshuam rau saum npoo roughness. Feem ntau, qhov sib tsoo qhov tob thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv ib qho me me los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo.
(III) Rigidity ntawm machining system
Tshuab cuab yeej rigidity: Lub rigidity ntawm lub nto grinder nws tus kheej ho cuam tshuam machining raug thiab nto zoo. Yog hais tias lub tshuab rigidity tsis txaus, kev sib tsoo quab yuam ua rau elastic deformation nyob rau hauv lub tshuab Cheebtsam, altering tus txheeb ze txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub sib tsoo log thiab lub workpiece thiab cuam tshuam nto roughness. Piv txwv li, cov qauv tsim thiab cov khoom xaiv ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb -xws li lub tshuab txaj, worktable, thiab spindle taub hau - cuam tshuam lub tshuab tag nrho rigidity.
Fixture rigidity: Fixtures yog siv los ruaj ntseg workpiece, thiab lawv rigidity ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau workpiece stability thaum sib tsoo. Tsis txaus fixture rigidity tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom txav mus los lossis kev co hauv kev sib tsoo, ua rau tsis sib xws ntawm qhov roughness. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv ib lub fixture, xyuas kom meej tias nws muaj txaus rigidity thiab positioning raug.
Workpiece clamping txoj kev: Ib txoj kev clamping kom zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov rigidity ntawm machining system. Cov txuj ci xws li kev txhawb nqa ntau- taw tes thiab kev faib tawm tsis sib xws ntawm lub zog clamping pab txo qis workpiece deformation thaum sib tsoo, yog li ua rau txo qhov roughness. (IV) Txias thiab Lubrication Conditions
Hom Coolant: Feem ntau siv coolants muaj xws li emulsions, hluavtaws kua, thiab ionized dej. Emulsions muaj cua txias zoo, lubricating, thiab tu cov khoom; lawv ua tau zoo txo qhov sib tsoo kub, txo kev sib tsoo log loading, thiab txhim kho nto zoo. Synthetic fluids muab superior xeb tiv thaiv thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, ua rau lawv haum rau daim ntaub ntawv nrog nruj dej zoo yuav tsum tau. Ionized dej muaj kev ua haujlwm txias txias tab sis muaj zog heev rau cov khoom siv, xav tau kev tiv thaiv thaum siv.
Coolant txaus tus nqi thiab siab: txaus txaus thiab tsim nyog siab xyuas kom lub sij hawm tshem tawm ntawm tshav kub thiab chips generated thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo, tuav lub sharpness ntawm lub sib tsoo log, thiab txo nto roughness. Tsis txaus txaus los yog siab tiv thaiv lub coolant los ntawm kev ua nws cov cua txias thiab lubrication functions zoo, ua rau siab sib tsoo kub thiab degraded nto zoo.
Cov txheej txheem los txhim kho Surface Roughness ntawm Parameter Kho
(I) Sib tsoo log xaiv thiab hnav khaub ncaws
Kev xaiv lub log sib tsoo kom zoo: Xaiv lub log sib tsoo uas tsim nyog los ntawm kev xav txog yam xws li cov khoom siv thiab hardness ntawm workpiece, kev ua haujlwm, thiab cov cuab yeej siv tshuab uas twb muaj lawm. Cov yam tseem ceeb muaj xws li hom abrasive, grit loj, hom ntawv cog lus, thiab lub log hardness. Piv txwv li, thaum ua tiav - sib tsoo siab - hardness alloy steel qhov chaw, ib tug yuav xaiv ib lub log ua los ntawm dawb fused alumina nrog nplua grit (F12–F16), ib tug vitrified daim ntawv cog lus, thiab nruab nrab hardness (H–L).
Tsis tu ncua hnav lub log sib tsoo: Thaum lub sij hawm siv, cov nplej abrasive ntawm lub log sib tsoo maj mam hnav thiab ua npub, thiab qhov chaw ua tsis sib xws, ua rau muaj qhov roughness ntau ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, lub sib tsoo log yuav tsum tau hnav khaub ncaws raws sij hawm los kho nws cov sharpness thiab flatness. Txoj kev hnav khaub ncaws tseem ceeb muaj xws li tig, dov, thiab sib tsoo. Ntawm cov no, txoj kev tig yog siv lub pob zeb diamond dresser txiav raws li axis ntawm lub sib tsoo log, yielding ib tug tsawg nto roughness; txoj kev dov siv lub tshuab rotating rau compress thiab hnav lub log nto, ua rau nws haum rau loj - cheeb tsam hnav khaub ncaws; thiab txoj kev sib tsoo siv lub log tsheb tshwj xeeb los tsoo lub log ua haujlwm, ua tiav kev hnav khaub ncaws siab.
(II) Optimize sib tsoo tsis
Ua kom sib tsoo ceev: Tsim nyog nce kev sib tsoo ceev hauv qhov txwv tau tso cai los ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej. Txoj kev ua kom nrawm nrawm yog feem ntau tau txais: pib nrog qis qis rau kev sib tsoo kom tshem tawm cov khoom lag luam ntau, tom qab ntawd maj mam nce qhov nrawm rau ib nrab - ua kom tiav thiab sib tsoo kom tiav. Piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo cov npoo ntawm siab-cov cuab yeej steel ceev ntawm lub tshuab sib tsoo, qhov pib sib tsoo ceev tau teem rau ntawm 30 m / s, nce mus rau 45 m / s rau ib nrab- sib tsoo tiav, thiab nce mus rau 60 m / s rau kev sib tsoo tiav; Qhov no thaum kawg txo qhov roughness (Ra) los ntawm thawj 3.2 μm mus rau 0.8 μm.
Txo tus nqi noj mov: Tsim nyog txo qis longitudinal thiab transverse pub tus nqi raws li cov khoom siv ua haujlwm thiab cov nyiaj siv ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm ua tiav kev sib tsoo, tus nqi pub tuaj yeem khaws cia tsawg heev, lossis ntau qhov kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov sib tsoo - tawm kev sib tsoo (sib tsoo yam tsis muaj kev noj ntxiv) tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los ua kom zoo dua qhov chaw tiav. Piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo aluminium alloy phaj, qhov ntev pub tus nqi yog 0.05 mm / rev thaum sib tsoo ntxhib thiab raug txo mus rau 0.02 mm / rev rau kev sib tsoo tiav, ua raws li ob lub txim - tawm mus; Qhov no txo qis qhov roughness (Ra) ntawm 1.6 μm mus rau 0.4 μm.
Tswj kev sib tsoo qhov tob: qhov sib tsoo qhov tob thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau dhau; feem ntau nws yog teem ntawm 0.01 thiab ... ... nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm 0.03 mm. Rau cov khoom ua haujlwm nrog cov nyiaj ua haujlwm loj, kev sib tsoo ntxhib tuaj yeem ua tau ua ntej - tawm ntawm cov npoo tshwj xeeb rau kev sib tsoo kom tiav - ua raws li cov txheej txheem sib tsoo. Txoj kev no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem zoo ntawm qhov chaw los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntau dhau.
(III) Txhim kho Rigidity ntawm Machining System
Tswj cov cuab yeej siv tshuab: tsis tu ncua tshuaj xyuas thiab tswj xyuas qhov chaw grinder; Tam sim ntawd txheeb xyuas thiab kho cov teeb meem xws li tivthaiv hnav lossis xoob kom lub tshuab tuav zoo rigidity. Piv txwv suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas qhov ncaj thiab sib luag ntawm txoj kev taug kev hauv txaj, kho qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm lub rooj ua haujlwm thiab lub taub hau ntxaiv, thiab hloov cov pob ntsia hlau hnyav hnyav.
Txhim kho fixture tsim: Tsim thiab fabricate tshwj xeeb fixtures nrog txaus rigidity los xyuas kom meej workpiece stability thaum sib tsoo. Nyob ntawm seb lub workpiece zoo li cas thiab qhov loj me, ib qho los yog modular fixtures tuaj yeem siv los ua kom qhov chaw sib txuas ntawm qhov sib txuas thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm, yog li faib cov clamping quab yuam. Piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo ib pawg ntawm cov ncej me me, ib qho tshwj xeeb fixture featuring V- blocks thiab clamping daim hlau tau tsim; Qhov no ua kom muaj zog clamping rigidity thiab txo qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov roughness (Ra) los ntawm 0.5 μm.
Optimize clamping strategies: Siv qhov tsim nyog clamping sequences thiab cov hau kev los tiv thaiv workpiece deformation tshwm sim los ntawm tsis tsim nyog clamping. Rau qhov loj, nyias- cov khoom ua haujlwm phab ntsa, cov khoom ntim khoom lossis cov kev pabcuam pabcuam tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho kev nruj. Piv txwv li, thaum sib tsoo hauv qab ntawm ib qho loj aluminium alloy vaj tsev, cov kev txhawb nqa ib ntus tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev kom tsis txhob deformation thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem, yog li ua kom lub tiaj tiaj thiab qhov roughness ntawm lub hauv qab.
(IV) Txhim kho cov cua txias thiab lubrication
Xaiv cov coolant tsim nyog: Xaiv cov coolant tsim nyog raws li cov khoom siv hauv av thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb. Rau cov qauv carbon steel qhov chaw, emulsion-raws li coolants yog ob qho tib si tus nqi-zoo thiab zoo heev; rau qhov nyuaj-rau- cov khoom siv tshuab xws li cov hlau tsis muaj steel, cov khoom siv hluavtaws uas muaj qhov siab tshaj -siab (EP) additives tuaj yeem xaiv los txhim kho kev ua kom txias thiab lubrication.
Kho cov coolant flow rate thiab siab: Kho cov coolant txaus tus nqi thiab siab raws li qhov tseeb sib tsoo tej yam kev mob. Feem ntau, cov nqi ntws ntau dua thiab cov siab ua kom zoo dua txias thiab lubrication cuam tshuam; Txawm li cas los xij, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj cov dej txias los ntawm kev sib tsoo mus rau tus neeg teb xov tooj. Nozzles thiab baffles tuaj yeem ntsia tau los tswj cov dej txias kom meej rau thaj tsam sib tsoo. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm sib tsoo ntawm ib feem ntawm titanium alloy, ua kom lub coolant ntws ntawm 8 L / min mus rau 12 L / min thiab lub siab ntawm 0.5 MPa rau 0.8 MPa ua tau zoo txo qhov sib tsoo kub, uas ua rau txo qis ntawm qhov roughness (Ra) ntawm 2.5 μm mus rau 1.2 μm.
Case Study
Lub tshuab machining tau txais kev txiav txim los tsim lub tog raj kheej lub taub hau, yuav tsum muaj cov mating nto kom muaj qhov tiaj tiaj thiab qhov chaw qis qis (Ra tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8 μm). Cov nroj tsuag siv M7130 nto grinder rau cov txheej txheem. Kev sib tsoo thawj zaug siv cov txheej txheem tsis ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov chaw roughness thiab ua rau pom cov cim sib tham. Tom qab kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev hloov kho, cov kev ntsuas hauv qab no tau ua tiav
Hloov lub log sib tsoo: Lub log qub- ua los ntawm cov xim av fused alumina nrog F46 grit, vitrified daim ntawv cog lus, thiab K-qib hardness- tau hloov nrog lub log ua los ntawm dawb fused alumina nrog F20 grit, resin daim ntawv cog lus, thiab J- qib hardness. Lub log tshiab nta cov hmoov nplej zoo dua thiab muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog qee qhov elasticity, uas pab txo qis qhov roughness.
Kho cov kev sib tsoo tsis sib xws: Kev sib tsoo ceev tau nce los ntawm 25 m / s mus rau 35 m / s, qhov ntev pub tus nqi raug txo los ntawm 0.08 mm / rev mus rau 0.03 mm / rev, thiab qhov sib tsoo qhov tob yog tswj kom nyob rau hauv 0.02 mm. Ua kom sib tsoo ceev thiab txo tus nqi pub tsawg txo qhov kev txiav cov khoom ntawm tus kheej abrasive nplej, uas ua rau lub ntsej muag smoother.
Txhim kho qhov rigidity ntawm machining system: Lub tshuab cuab yeej underwent kev tshuaj xyuas thiab kev saib xyuas; clearances nyob rau hauv lub worktable thiab spindle taub hau raug kho, thiab hnav pob screws raug hloov. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho tshwj xeeb fixture tau tsim los ua kom lub clamping rigidity ntawm lub workpiece.
Kev ua kom zoo txias thiab lubrication tej yam kev mob: Tus qauv emulsion tau hloov nrog cov kua hluavtaws uas muaj cov khoom siv siab heev -; Cov dej txias tau nce ntawm 10 L / min mus rau 15 L / min, thiab lub siab tau nce los ntawm 0.4 MPa rau 0.6 MPa.
